Descaling apparatus



Aug. 25, 1959 T. c. KANE 2,900,703

' DESCALING APPARATUS Filed May 25, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORThomas C Kane Aug. 25, 1959 T. c. KANE DESCALING APPARATUS 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 25. 1954 INVENTOR v Thomas 0 Kane Au 25, 1959T. c. KANE 2,900,703

DESCALING APPARATUS Filed May 25. 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR ThomasC. Kane Aug. 25, 1959 T. c. KANE DESCALING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4Filed May 25. 1954 mw d DESCALHJG APPARATUS Thomas C. Kane, Mahoning,Ohio, assignor to The Cornmercial Shearing and Stamping Co., Youngstown,Ohio, a corporation of @hio Application May 25, 1954, Serial No. 432,270

Claims. (Cl. 29-81) This invention relates to descaling apparatus andparticularly to a portable unitized descaling apparatus. The descalingof metal parts with high pressure water is a common industrial practice.The piece to be descaled is heated to a high temperature and subjectedto a spray of high pressure water or similar descaling liquid. At thepresent time, descaling operations are carried out by using highpressure water derived from expensive multistage centrifugal pumps orreciprocating plunger pumps. These pumps are large and expensive.Moreover, the valving required on such apparatus is expensive anddifficult to maintain. As a result, there has been no suitable apparatusavailable for use in small establishments.

I provide a descaling apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movablein said cylinder, means for delivering descaling liquid to one side ofthe piston, means adapted continuously to supply hydraulic fluid underpressure, pusher means adapted to receive the end of a piece to bedescaled, means operable by pressure from the piece to be descaledadmitting hydraulic fluid from the supply means to the piston oppositethe descaling liquid to discharge the descaling liquid from the cylinderand simultaneously move the pusher means and piece to be descaledaxially away from the cylinder and means receiving the descaling liquidand discharging it against the moving piece to be descaled.

Preferably I provide a descaler apparatus having a cylinder, a pistonmovable in the cylinder and means for delivering the descaling liquid toone side of the piston to move the piston in the cylinder. Means areprovided for continuously supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure.Pusher means are movable axially in the piston extending out of thecylinder. Resilient means are provided in the piston to bear against thepusher means normally biasing the pusher means toward the end of thepiston in contact with the descaling liquid. The pusher means is adaptedto receive the end of a piece to be descaled in point contact. A controlarm on the piston opposite the pusher means extends out of the cylinder.Valve means controlled by the pusher means are provided to admithydraulic fluid to the cylinder from the supply means when the pushermeans is forced against the resilient limiting means by the combinedpressure of the descaling liquid and the piece to be descaled. The meansreceiving the descaling liquid and discharging it against the piece tobe descaled is preferably an annular spray nozzle discharging a thincontinuous sheet of spray.

Preferably the descaling liquid is water supplied to the cylinder from acity water line through a check valve. The means for continuouslysupplying hydraulic fluid under pressure is preferably a gear pumpsupplying oil under pressure which continuously circulates into and outof a reservoir. Valve means are provided operable by the control arm onthe piston to by-pass the oil into the cylinder against the side of thepiston opposite the descaling liquid so as to force the descaling liquidout of the cylinder into the discharge means.

In the above description I have enumerated certain of 2,900,703 PatentedAug. 25, 1 959 the important features and advantages of my invention,however, other objects, features and advantages will become apparentfrom a consideration of the following description and the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a preferredembodiment of my descaling apparatus;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus of Fig ure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical section through the cylinder and piston of thedescaling apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a side elevation of another embodiment of'a descalingapparatus according to my invention;

Figure 5 is a partial section of the pressure cylinder used in theembodiment shown in Figure 4; and

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic showing of the descaler of Figure 4.

Referring to the drawings, I have illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 apreferred embodiment of the descaling apparatus according to myinvention. Referring to Figure l, I have shown a framework 10 carrying agear pump 11 in an oil reservoir 12. The gear pump 11 is driven by anelectric motor 13 mounted on the base of the frame it). Mounted on theframe 10 above the motor is a cylinder 14 provided with a piston 15movable axially therein. Descaling liquid is furnished to the cylinderon one side of the piston through an inlet 16 connected to a city Waterline 16a through a check valve not shown. A discharge outlet .l7 isprovided at the same end of the cylinder for the discharge of liquidinto a descaling spray nozzle. A pusher rod 18 is provided in piston 15.The pusher rod carries at one end a head 19 provided with knife edgecontacts 20 against which the piece to be descaled is brought to hear.The pusher rod 18- passes through the body of the piston 15 in anaxially extending bore 21. The opposite end of the pusher rod isprovided with a collar 22 which bears against a spring 23 to hold thecollar on the pusher rod biased away from the piston. The end of thecylinder opposite the descaling liquid is provided with an inlet 24connected to the hydraulic feed lines 25 by a valve 26. The valve 26 isan air operated diaphragm valve of the poppet type, having a solenoidoperated air valve of the Quik-as-a-Wink type 26a controlling the airentering the valve from air line 26b. The solenoid is operated by aholding switch controlled by limit switch 2'7. The limit switch 27 isoperated by the end of the pusher rod assembly 18 when the piston is inthe retracted position and the pusher rod spring 23 is compressed by apiece to be descaled. When the valve 2 6 closes the flow of oil isdiverted into cylinder 14 through the inlet 24 the piston 15 movesaxially in the cylinder and forces the water in the opposite end of thecylinder out through the outlet line 17 into a descaling spray head 31.At the same time the check valve in the city water line 16a is held inthe closed position. The end of the piston 15 extending out of thecylinder at the end opposite the pusher rod head acts as a control armand is provided with a collar 28 which moves between parallel supportbars 29 on opposite sides of the piston. These support bars support thelimit switches and carry a stop member 28a limiting the stroke of thepiston when the piston is retracted. At the end of the discharge strokethe collar 28 operates a limit switch 30 to cut off the solenoid 26a andthereby release the air from the valve 26 to permit the return of thehydraulic fluid from the cylinder 14 into the reservoir 12 all the whilepermitting continuous circulation of oil from the reservoir through thegear pump 11, the line 25, the valve 26 and back to the reservoir. Whilethe hydraulic fluid is moving the piston 15 against the descaling liquidthe pusher rod assembly is carried along with the piston and forces thepiece to be descaled back through the spray of descaling liquid causingthe liquid to spray overthe piece being descaled from one end to theother. A cylindrical shell 30 is mounted on the frame 10 around the endof the cylinder 14 and the pusher head 19 on the descaling endofpusherrod 18 and extends axially 'outwardly therefrom. A descaler spray head'31 is mounted adjacent the extremity of the shell. The descaler head 31may be of conventional design or it may be of the type illustrated anddescribed in my copending application Serial No. 471,679, filed November29, 1954, now Patent No. 2,785,924. A supporting roller 30a is rotatablymounted in the shell to support the piece to be descaled.

The operation 'of the descaler is as follows. The cylinder 14 isnormally retracted to the left viewing Figure 1 with the cylinder fullof descaling liquid. A piece to bedescaled is inserted into the shell 30against the pusher rod head 19. The rod is pushed inwardly against thepressure of spring 23' until its opposite end engages the switch 27whereupon valve 26 is closed and oil is forced into the cylinder behindthe piston, moving the piston towards the right viewing Figure 1,closing the check valve in the water supply line 17, and forcing thewater into the spray head 31 from which it is discharged against thesurfaces of the heated piece to be descaled. The discharge water fallsinto a trap 32 at the bottom of the shell 30 and is discharged to adrain through pipe 33. While the piston 15 is forcing the water out ofthe cylinder 14 it is also carrying both the pusher rod assembly and thepiece to be descaled to the right (viewing Figure 1) at a regular rateof speed through the spray of water discharged from the spray head 31and out of the shell 30 into a collecting bin 34. As the pistonapproaches the right end of the cylinder viewing Figure 1 the collar 28engages the limit switch 29 operating the air valve 26a and releasingthe diaphragm valve 26 thereby releasing the pressure on the oil withinthe cylinder which is forced back into the oil reservoir 12 by theinflux of water into the cylinder 14 through the check valve in the citywater line.

The quantity of water for descaling may be varied by varying the size ofthe cylinder. The rate of discharge per square inch of area to bedescaled is constant for any given cylinder thus assuring a regular rateof cooling and descaling and avoiding overcooling or'failure t descale.

Referring to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 through 6 I haveshown a frame 40 having mounted thereon a gear pump41 operated by anelectric motor 42. The pump receives oil from a reservoir 43 mounted onthe frame and is connected through a relief valve 43a and double-actingspool valve 44 to discharge'to the reservoir. A cylinder 45 carrying apiston 46 therein is connected to the double-acting spool valve and ismovable in two directions by means of the oil pressure generated at thehydraulic pump. The piston 46 is provided with a pair of water outlets47 and 48 at opposite ends thereof connecting to a city water supplyline 49 through a pair of check valves 50 and at the same time isconnected through high pressure check valves to a delivery line 51leading to the descaling spray head 52. A second cylinder 53-is mountedon the frame 40 and carries a piston 54 similar to piston 15 of 'Figure1 which extends out of the cylinder at one end thereof. One side of thesecond cylinder is connected to an oil and air reservoir 55 designed tomaintain one side of the cylinder full of oil. The other side of thecylinder is connected to a solenoid operated air valve-56 of'theQuilt-as-a-Wink type. The spool valve 44 is operated by an air cylinderand piston 58 through air valves 59'and 60 of the conventionalQuik-as-a-Wink type, which control the direction of air flow into theair piston 58 and thereby the direction of flow through thedouble-acting spool valve 44.

The operation of this embodiment of my invention is generally asfollows. The piece, i.e. billet, to be descaled, is inserted through thedescaling nozzles 52 and against the pusher rod 54 in the cylinder 53.This operates the timed starting switch 61 energizing the solenoids onthe air valves 56 and 59 or 60, as the case may be, to move air cylinder58 and the spool valve 44. Hydraulic fluid then flows from the gear pump41 through the spool valve into one side or the other of the cylinder 45causing the piston therein to move and to force the water in thecylinder out through discharge lines 48 or 47, as the case may be. Thewater in the cylinder 45 which is forced through one of the outlets 47or 48 into the water discharge line, closes the proper check valves onthe city water supply line and opens the valves on the discharge line.Water is then'discharged through the descaling head against the billetbeing descaled. At the same time air is admitted through valve 56 intothe pusher cylinder 53 forcing the billet through the descaling waterspray. The rate of progress of the billet through the spray is regulatedby a needle valve 53a in the line between the cylinder 53 and thereservoir 55. When the switch opens at the end of its timed period theair cushion in reseivoir 55 forces oil back into cylinder 53 to returnpiston 54 to its original position.

While I have illustrated and described certain present preferredembodiments of my invention it will be understood that it may beotherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.

I claim;

1. A descaler apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder, means for delivering descaling liquid to one side of thepiston, means adapted continuously to supply hydraulic fluid underpressure, pusher means adapted to receive the end of a piece to bedescaled, means operable by pressure from the piece to be descaledadmitting hydraulic fluid from the supply means to the piston oppositethe descaling liquid whereby to discharge the descaling liquid from thecylinder and simultaneously move the pusher means and piece to bedescaled axially away from the cylinder and means receiving thedescaling liquid and discharging it against the moving piece to bedescaled.

2. A descaler apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder, means for delivering descaling liquid to one side of thepiston means continuously supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure,pusher means on the piston on the end receiving the descaling liquid,said pusher means extending out of the cylinder and adapted to receivethe end of a piece to be descaled in point contact, resilient meansnormally biasing the pusher means out of the piston end receiving thedescaling liquid, a control member on the end of the piston opposite thedescaling liquid, valve means admitting hydraulic fluid to the cylinderfrom the supply means when the control member on the pusher means isforced against the resilient limiting means by the pressure of the pieceto be descaled and releasing the hydraulic fiuid from the cylinder whenthe control arm on the piston approaches the end of the cylinder, andmeans receiving the descaling liquid and discharging it against thepiece to be descaled.

3. A descaler apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder, means for irreversibly delivering descaling liquid at lowpressure to one side of the piston, means adapted continuously to supplyhydraulic fluid under pressure, pusher means adapted to receive the endof a piece to be descaled, said pusher means being reciprocable in abore in the piston, resilient biasing means in the piston normallybiasing the pusher means out of the piston end receiving the descalingliquid, stop means limiting the movement of the pusher means in thebore, a control member on the end of the piston opposite the descalingliquid, valve means admitting hydraulic fluid to the cylinder from thesupply means when the pusher means is forced against the resilientlimiting means by the pressure of the piece to be descaled and releasingthe hydraulic fluid from the cylinder when the control member on thepiston approachesthe-cylinder and means receiving the descaling liquidand discharging it against the piece to be descaled.

4. A descaler apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder and extending out of one end thereof, means for irreversiblydelivering descaling liquid at low pressure to one side of the piston,means adapted continuously to supply hydraulic fluid under pressure,pusher means in the piston extending out of the cylinder at both endsthen adapted to receive the end of a piece to be descaled, said pushermeans extending through the piston and movable in a hollow bore therein,resilient biasing means in the piston normally biasing the pusher meansout of the piston end receiving the descaling liquid, stop meanslimiting the movement of the pusher means in the bore, a control memberon the end of the piston extending out of the cylinder, valve meansadmitting hydraulic fluid to the cylinder from the supply means when thepusher means is forced against the resilient limiting means by thepressure of the piece to be descaled and releasing the hydraulic fluidfrom the cylinder when the control member on the piston approaches thecylinder and means receiving the descaling liquid and discharging itagainst the piece to be descaled.

5. A descaling apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable insaid cylinder and extending out of one end thereof, means forirreversibly delivering descaling liquid at low pressure to one side ofthe piston, means adapted continuously to supply hydraulic fluid underpressure, pusher means in the piston extending axially out of thecylinder at both ends thereof and adapted to receive the end of a pieceto be descaled in point contact, said pusher means extending through thepiston and movable in a hollow bore therein, resilient biasing means inthe piston normally biasing the pusher means out of the piston endreceiving the descaling liquid stop means limiting the movement of thepusher means in the bore, a control member on the end of the pistonextending radially from the portion of the piston extending out of thecylinder, a limit switch lying in the path of travel of the pusher meansand adapted to be energized by movement of the pusher means against thebiasing means when the cylinder is full of descaling liquid, a secondlimit switch lying in the path of travel of the control member andadapted to be energized by the control member when it reaches a pointadjacent the end of the cylinder, valve means reversibly controlled bysaid first and second limit switches admitting hydraulic fluid to thecylinder from the supply means when the first limit switch is energizedand releasing the hydraulic fluid from the cylinder when the secondlimit switch is energized and means receiving the descaling liquid anddischarging it against a piece to be descaled.

6. A descaling apparatus comprising a frame, acylinder mountedhorizontally in said frame, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder andextending out of one end thereof, a pair of support members on the frameparallel to each other and to the cylinder and on opposite sidesthereof, means for irreversibly delivering liquid at low pressure to oneside of the piston, means adapted continuously to supply hydraulic fluidunder pressure, pusher means in the piston extending axially out of thecylinder at both ends thereof and adapted to receive the end of a pieceto be descaled in point contact, said pusher means extending through thepiston and movable in a hollow bore therein, resilient biasing means inthe piston normally biasing the pusher means out of the piston end re--ceiving the descaling liquid, stop means limiting the movement of thepusher means in the bore, a control member on the end of the pistonextending radially from the portion of the piston extending radiallyfrom the portion of the piston extending out of the cylinder, saidcontrol member being slidable between the support members, stop means onthe support members limiting the piston in its extended position out ofthe cylinder, valve means on the frame admitting hydraulic fluid to thecylinder from the supply means when the pusher means is forced againstthe resilient limiting means by the pressure of the piece to be descaledand releasing the hydraulic fluid from the cylinder when the controlmember on the piston appreaches the cylinder and means receiving thedescaling liquid and discharging it against the piece to be descaled.

7. A descaling apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder, means for delivering descaling liquid to one side of thepiston, means continuously supplying hydraulic fluid under pressure,pusher means adapted to receive the end of a piece to be descaled,resilient means normally biasing the pusher means toward the piece to bedescaled, valve means introducing hydraulic pressure from the supplymeans onto the piston when the pusher means is forced against theresilient means by the pressure of a piece to be descaled andsimultaneously moving the pusher means axially of its length andreleasing the hydraulic pressure from the piston when the pistonapproaches the end of the cylinder, and means receiving the descalingliquid and discharging it against the piece to be descaled.

8. A descaler apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder, means for delivering descaling liquid to one side of thepiston, at least one means adapted continuously to supply fluid underpressure, pusher means adapted to receive the end of a piece to bedescaled, means operable by pressure from the piece to be descaledsimultaneously admitting pressure fluid from at least one supply meansto the pusher means and piston opposite the descaling liquid whereby todischarge the descaling liquid from the cylinder and simultaneously movethe pusher means and piece to be descaled and means receiving thedescaling liquid and discharging it against the moving piece to bedescaled.

9. A descaling apparatus comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in saidcylinder, means for delivering descaling liquid to one side of thepiston, at least one means continuously supplying fluid under pressure,pusher means adapted to receive the end of a piece to be descaled,resilient means normally biasing the pusher means toward the piece to bedescaled, valve means simultaneously introducing fluid pressure from atleast one supply means to the pusher means and piston when the pushermeans is forced against resilient means by the pressure of a piece to bedescaled whereby the pusher means is moved axially of its lengthsimultaneously with the discharge of descaling liquid from the cylinderand means receiving the descaling liquid to discharge it against thepiece to be descaled.

10. In a descaling apparatus, a cylinder, a piston in said cylindermovable in either direction, a hollow piston rod attached to saidpiston, pusher means loosely attached to said hollow piston rod andadapted to receive the end of the workpiece, resilient means normallybiasing the pusher means toward the workpiece, valve means operable bythe pusher means when the pusher means is forced against the resilientmeans whereby fluid under pressure is admitted to the cylinder on oneside of the piston to move the pusher means against the workpiece.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS527,981 Higgins Oct. 23, 1894- 739,292 Compton Sept. 2 1903 1,804,735Barnes et a1 May 12, 1931 2,234,153 Herbert Mar. 4, 1941 2,289,967Johnson July 14, 1942 ,357,695 Skowron Sept. 5, 1944 2,394,514 Evans eta1. Feb. 5, 1946 2,395,397 Croft Feb. 26, 1946 2,445,985 Werner July 27,1948 2,504,665 Douglas Apr. 18, 1950 2,614,316 Daily et a1. Oct. 21,1952 2,642,045 Potts June 16, 1953 2,790,230 Sobek Apr. 30, 19572,792,785 Hayden May 21, 1957 UNITED STATES PATENT oTTTcE CETIFICATE I@Q I EUHN I ,1. mp; 1 5: Eetent No., 2,908,793 .mughSu 4/, -59.,

Thomas 0., Kane It is hereby certified that error appears in the printedspecification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and thatthe said Letters Patent should readas corrected below.

Column 9 line :55, after "descaling liquid." a comma-1.,

Signed and sealed this 16th day of .E'ebruery 1960 (SEAL) Attest:

K2351 AXLINE ROBERT C. WATSON Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

